Mariah Carey performs “All I Need for Christmas Is You” on the 2023 Billboard Music Awards.
Gilbert Flores | Penske Media | Getty Photos
“I do not need so much for Christmas / There is only one factor I want / A solution to only one query / An estimate of Mariah Carey’s tune royalties, please?”
No, my makeshift lyrics aren’t as catchy because the opening strains of Carey’s “All I Need for Christmas Is You,” the 1994 jingle that turned virtually ubiquitous over the airwaves round vacation season.
However they do pose a query that probes into the black field of music-industry economics: How a lot cash does the tune earn for Carey, the tune’s performer and so-called “Queen of Christmas,” annually?
Income estimates by Billboard recommend she made maybe $2.7 million to $3.3 million in 2022, for instance, from tune downloads and on-demand streaming. It excludes different probably profitable income streams like Christmas TV specials.
But it surely’s laborious to know a exact sum, largely as a result of contractual particulars between Carey, her music label and tune publishers aren’t public, specialists stated. The pop star’s publicist, Chris Chambers, did not return a request for remark submitted to his agency, The Chamber Group, about her royalties.
“No matter it’s, it is some huge cash,” stated Natasha Chee, a music, leisure and mental property lawyer at legislation agency Donahue Fitzgerald.
The tune might have earned $103 million since 1994
“All I Need for Christmas Is You” is a yuletide juggernaut.
Spotify introduced this month that the anthem was the first-ever vacation tune to surpass 2 billion international streams. It has been the No. 1 tune globally on Christmas Day annually since 2016, Spotify stated.
The tune’s recognition has solely grown: Whole U.S. audio streams rose to 249 million in 2023, up about 49% from 167 million in 2019, in response to Luminate, which tracks music {industry} information.
(As of Dec. 12, whole U.S. streams of the tune this 12 months have been down 8% relative to 2023, Billboard estimated. That is partly a perform of the shorter vacation season from a late Thanksgiving, specialists stated.)
The tune “is a cash machine,” stated George Howard, a professor on the Berklee Faculty of Music and former president of Rykodisc, an impartial file label. “It is an actual phenomenon,” he stated.
Mariah Carey performs onstage throughout her “All I Need For Christmas Is You” tour at Madison Sq. Backyard on Dec. 15, 2019 in New York Metropolis.
Kevin Mazur | Getty Photos Leisure | Getty Photos
Howard, who additionally does consulting work to worth music copyrights, estimates the chart-topper makes $2 million to $4 million in annual gross income.
Equally, Manatt, Phelps & Phillips, which makes a speciality of music {industry} legislation, estimates the hit generates $3.4 million a 12 months.
Over its 30-year existence, the tune has made about $103 million in earnings, the legislation agency estimates. The projections embody international streaming and non-streaming income sources, in response to Manatt, which created Billboard’s royalty calculator.
The tune’s 2 billion international Spotify streams alone earned $9.8 million in royalties, in response to the calculator.
However Carey solely will get a portion of these earnings.
Why Carey is probably going getting paid ‘six methods to Sunday’
Mariah Carey performs through the opening present of Mariah Carey: All I Need For Christmas Is You at Beacon Theatre on Dec. 5, 2016 in New York Metropolis.
Jeff Kravitz | Filmmagic, Inc | Getty Photos
The ecosystem of music royalties is notoriously convoluted.
Cash flows to many contributors, like writers, performers, producers, sound mixers and file labels. Payouts to every individual can differ from tune to tune, relying on contractual phrases, specialists stated.
The phrases of Carey’s royalty offers aren’t public information.
“No matter it’s, it is some huge cash,” stated , a music, leisure and mental property lawyer at legislation agency Donahue Fitzgerald.
Natasha Chee
senior counsel at Donahue Fitzgerald
The singer is probably going getting a “larger chunk” of income than most artists, Howard stated. That is due to Carey’s a number of credit on the tune: She’s listed as the only performer, in addition to its co-writer and co-producer. (Walter Afanasieff is the opposite co-writer and co-producer.)
Such a large number of credit is uncommon to see, Howard stated. And it is an essential consider Carey’s final take-home pay.
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Music royalties are totally different from these of different works like books or images.
That is as a result of there are two distinct royalty streams — one for music composition and one other for sound recording, stated Jordan Bromley, companion and head of Manatt Leisure. Consider the previous just like the sheet music sitting in your piano (the songwriting), and the latter because the recorded tune that you just hear, he stated.
Every has its personal royalty construction. The royalties for music composition are acquired by songwriters and publishers, whereas these for sound recording are paid to tune performers and their labels, Howard stated.
Carey “has each the copyright to the tune and the sound recording, so she’s getting paid on each side,” Howard stated.
“She’s getting paid six methods to Sunday,” he stated.
Svetikd | E+ | Getty Photos
A tune’s writers and publishers — and never its performers — get the royalties when a tune performs in a public house, resembling on TV and radio, or in eating places and retail shops, specialists stated. The U.S. is without doubt one of the few international locations to have such a rule, Howard stated.
Which means that Carey (and Afanasieff, her co-writer) will get royalties every time a canopy model of “All I Need for Christmas Is You” performs within the public area. Over 150 performers have lined the tune, in accordance to ASCAP, a performing rights group.
Carey and Afanasieff cut up their writing credit with publishers together with Common Music, Sony Music and Kobalt Songs Music Publishing, in accordance to ASCAP.
Nevertheless, tune recording typically brings in 4 to 5 occasions the income of songwriting, Bromley stated.
“In case you’re a songwriter with no file income, it is laborious to make a dwelling even for those who’re making hits,” he stated.
The artist’s take of the recording income relative to the label’s can swing broadly, wherever from 20% as much as 90%, relying on the contract, Bromley stated. “All I Need for Christmas Is You” was launched by Columbia Data, which is owned by Sony Music.
Afanasieff, Sony Music and Kobalt Songs Music Publishing did not return requests for remark. Common Music Publishing Group declined remark.
Why Carey might have remodeled $2.7 million in 2022
Santa Claus and Mariah Carey throughout a pre-tape efficiency for NBC’s Christmas tree lighting at Rockefeller Middle on Nov. 27, 2012 in New York Metropolis.
James Devaney | Wireimage | Getty Photos
Consultants word that earnings from file gross sales and licensing can differ vastly from 12 months to 12 months, whereas income from streaming and efficiency is extra predictable.
Of the aforementioned estimated $8.5 million in international income and publishing royalties that “All I Need for Christmas Is You” earned in 2022, the Carey grasp recording introduced in $5.3 million and publishing royalties accounted for the remaining $3.2 million, Billboard stated.
What was Carey’s minimize?
She made about $1.9 million of the grasp recording income, Billboard estimated, whereas her label, Sony, saved the opposite $3.4 million.
She’s getting paid six methods to Sunday.
George Howard
professor on the Berklee Faculty of Music
Carey additionally earned an estimated $1.6 million of the publishing, assuming she and Afanasieff cut up the writing 50-50. However her take-home pay would have been much less, relying on her publishing deal — maybe starting from about $795,000 to $1.4 million, Billboard stated.
All advised, these estimates recommend Carey might have made about $2.7 million to $3.3 million from recording and publishing in 2022.
This excludes income from any monetary preparations for soundtracks from Christmas TV specials, that are seemingly profitable, in response to Billboard. It additionally excludes cowl variations of the tune.
“There is a ton of income that opens up” for a pop star who is sort of “co-branded” with Christmas, together with offers for model endorsements, stay performances, cosmetics, house items and attire, Manatt Leisure’s Bromley stated.
The reward that retains giving
Image Alliance | Image Alliance | Getty Photos
The tune is the reward that may hold carry on giving for years, specialists stated.
The copyright for works printed after Jan. 1, 1978, typically stays intact for the creator’s lifetime, plus 70 years after the creator’s loss of life, in response to Chee of Donahue Fitzgerald.
Within the case of a joint work with two or extra authors, resembling “All I Need for Christmas Is You,” the rule applies to the final surviving creator.
Which means Carey’s property will seemingly rake in royalties for many years, till the tune ultimately passes into the general public area, she stated. When that occurs, the tune would be part of the ranks of Christmas classics like “Jingle Bells” and “We Want You a Merry Christmas,” which may typically be freely shared and tailored.
